Movie Analysis Dancing On The Ashes Of The Drug War ...

In the short Just Say No:â€Å"Dancing On The Ashes Of the Drug War,† Eugene Jarecki combines dance, excerpts from political speeches and news-reports, and recent statistics, to assess the current War on Drugs in the United States (U.S.). When this video was released in 2014, the U.S. was the â€Å"jailing-est country on the planet† with 2.3 million prisoners and a higher imprisonment rate for drug crimes than both China and Russia. Over the years, the U.S. has made over 45 million drug-related arrests and spent around $1 trillion dollars on the War on Drugs. This video’s primary goals are to raise awareness about the â€Å"Smarter Sentencing Act,† which would shorten the mandatory minimum sentence for some drug offenses and release thousands of individuals, and convince viewers to sign the petition for this legislation, which is included at the end of the video. This video’s frenetic yet straight-forward construction captures what it feels like to be a Black American trapped in this unjust system and persuades viewers to join the movement against the War on Drugs. This video’s unique focus on dance gives the people most effected by the War on Drugs, Black Americans, a chance to express how they feel. According to the article that accompanies the video, Jarecki prompted the dancers by asking them to envision themselves â€Å"dancing on the ashes of the drug war.† Unlike in the American judicial system, where everything is decided for them, here they get to show how they feel; the fast-pacedShow MoreRelatedMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pagesinsights, we can also learn from successes and find nuggets by comparing the unsuccessful with the successful. With the addition of Google and Starbucks, we have moved Entrepreneurial Adventures up to the front of the book. We have continued Marketing Wars, which many of you recommended, and reinstated Comebacks of firms iii iv †¢ Preface rising from adversity. I have also brought back Ethical Mistakes, because I believe that organizations more than ever need to be responsive to society’s best Read MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pages There are logical—that is, appropriate—ways of doing this, as well as illogical ones. The goal is to add truths, not falsehoods. For example, you are waiting in the grocery store checkout line and notice a magazine’s front-page headline, World War II Bomber Discovered Intact on Surface of Moon. You didnt know that, did you? Well, it wouldnt be logical to believe it. Why not? Here are three reasons: (1) Bombers cant fly to the moon, (2) no one is going to bust the national budget to

Common Administrative Tasks That Can Be Automated Using Either The At Coursework

Essays on Common Administrative Tasks That Can Be Automated Using Either The At or Cron Daemons Coursework The paper "Common Administrative Tasks That Can Be Automated Using Either The At or Cron Daemons" is a brilliant example of coursework on information technology. In operating systems that are completely multitasking, a program that does not involve the interactive user directly but rather executes in the background is known as a daemon. We shall look at the at and the cron daemons. (atd and crond). The atd are daemon used for commands intended for one particular time execution in future the cron daemons are used for execution that recurs.eg every day, once in a month, etc. (Raphael, 2013) At and crons are used to perform various administrative services which include log file management and file cleanup services.We shall start by looking into log file rotation, this a technique used to deal with generic issue log file growth. It involves moving of log file to another file name in a regular manner and starting again with a log file, which is empty. After some time the old file gets discarded. This is very useful to check the size of log files because it is very hard to manipulate large files. Secondly, crons can be used for the distribution of files in a network mostly, configuration files. This helps to ensure that data is not lost during sending and receiving of files process. Ats and crons are used in file system cleaning. The temporary directory and all subdirectories belonging to it are cleaned out automatically whenever there is a system reboot. Also, the removal of files that have stayed for a considerable amount of time without use. Finally, the crons and are us ed to perform administrative jobs that are done regularly be it weekly monthly or daily. Administrative tasks on the windows system are achieved through some common tools like the adsizer.exe, which helps in the estimation of the size of the directory. The delrp.exe is used to delete directories/files and associated points of reparse if any. These and other tools are used to achieve administrative tasks in the windows system. Advantages and DisadvantagesAdvantages One of the major advantages of using windows systems to automate these tasks is that these tools for automation are readily available on the internet and they do not require much technical knowledge like the daemons. It is also easier to export information to databases and share it with colleagues.DisadvantagesOne of the major demerit to note is that these tools come with costs, they have to be purchased. It is also possible to cause havoc when installing scripts.

Feasibility Analysis Business Intelligence

Question: Discuss about theFeasibility Analysisfor Business Intelligence. Answer: Feasibility Analysis Technical Feasibility The technical feasibility leads to the technical possibilities and the assumptions made regarding the projects scope. The technical feasibility of the project is quite high as there is much such system developed for various usages just like the computerized billing systems in the medical stores. The company would need to develop software using the programming languages and connect it with a relational database, feed the data and information in the database. The system would need services, systems and the user interface. This project has a huge scope and technical feasibility. Economic Feasibility The database of the healthcare organizations is quite high though there is a huge scope of economic feasibility for this project. This would include the cost regarding the servers and the systems. The cost is quite low which includes the development cost and the cost of establishing the systems. Thus this project costs negligible and is economically feasible compared to its immense benefits (Harrigan Milles, 2014). Operational Feasibility The operational feasibility includes the equipments, tools, resources and cost required for the project to get operational or functional. The system and a trained employee are required to operate this project and thus are easily operable. The operations like storing, accessing, modifying and deleting the data in the systems can be easily performed once the project gets developed. The operational feasibility of this project is quite high and is easily operable. Requirement Specification Project Scope The project scope is quite high where various elements can be included. The project would provide a complete automated system for storing and accessing the data required for processing the customers queries. The queries could be able to get processed easily by promoting the search strings and the answers could be easily sourced by the automatic sourcing of the queries (Chen et al, 2012). Project Objectives The objectives of the project are highly impactful and beneficial. The objective of the project is to develop an automated system which can provide better and quicker results for processing the customers queries. The queries can be easily sorted by using the search strings to extract the data. The other objective is to provide the customers with effective and quicker results for processing their queries. Also one of the important objectives is to provide verbal replies and answers to the queries and questions. Functional Specification The functional specification includes the tools and equipments required for the system to operate in an efficient manner. The functional specification of the project consists of the programming language, the database, the specification of the system. The programming language like java, php can be used or developing interactive GUI. The database like MySql, MsAccess can be used to store and retrieve the data and information. The computer specifications and requirements are the DOS or Windows operating system, RAM, and necessary programs to run the software. Non Functional Specifications Along with the software based benefits, this project would provide faster and quicker access to the information and queries, this system would also provide verbal replies to the customers and retrieve the data quickly. The other benefits of the system are safety and security of the user data, authorization and authentication, reliability, compatibility with other systems, etc. The system can be built in a highly impactful system which provides an interactive GUI where for the simplicity and efficiency of the system. Project Constraints The constraints of the project can be time and space. This project would require huge memory and space for storing the data and information. Also this process can be highly time consuming. The system requires storing huge data which would take a lot of implementation time. Also the project can take time in getting developed by the system developers. The employees would also need to get trained regarding the operation and the training s required understanding and operating the system and the authorization and authentication of the system (Chau Xu, 2012). Project Work Breakdown Structure Task And Time 1-5 days 6-12 days 13-18 days 19-23 days 24-27 days 28-40 days 41-60 days Identification of the issues Planning Required Approach Material Requirements Cost Benefit Analysis Design Feedback This is a tool for analysis and documentation of the project. The documentation would consist of the central server which sores all the data and information regarding the health care system. This central serves manages all the data which has to be retrieved. The system would also consist of the various systems connected in the network for sharing the data. This network would be built from the networking devices like the connectors, switches, routers, hubs, physical media etc which would connect the system. The system would incorporate the system developed for the processing of the customers queries. Thus the entire system would be sequentially developed and connected. References: Harrigan M. Miles (2014), From e-CRM to s-CRM. Critical factors underpinning the social CRM activities of SMEs, Small Enterprise Research, vol. 21, issue 1, pp.99-116, 2014. Chau, J. Xu (2012), Business intelligence in blogs: understanding consumer interactions and communities. MIS Quarterly, vol. 36, pp. 1189-1216, 2012. Chen, R.H.L. Chiang, V.C. Storey (2012), Business intelligence and analytics: from big data to big impact, MIS Quarterly, vol. 36, pp. 1165-1188, 2012.

The Psychological Affects Of The Holocaust Essays - Anti-communism

The Psychological Affects of the Holocaust The Holocaust was a tragic point in history which many people believe never happened. Others who survived it thought it should never have been. Not only did this affect the people who lived through it, it also affected everyone who was connected to those fortunate individuals who survived. The survivors were lucky to have made it but there are times when their memories and flashbacks have made them wish they were the ones who died instead of living with the horrible aftermath. The psychological effects of the Holocaust on people from different parts such as survivors of Israel and survivors of the ghettos and camps vary in some ways yet in others are profoundly similar. The vast number of prisoners of various nationalities and religions in the camps made such differences inevitable. Many contrasting opinions have been published about the victims and survivors of the holocaust based on the writers' different cultural backrounds, personal experiences and intelectual traditions. Therefore, the opinions of the authors of such books and entries of human behavior and survival in the concentration camps in Nazi-occupied Europe are very diverse. The Survivors of the Holocaust: General Survey Because the traumatization of the Holocaust was both individual and collective, most individuals made efforts to create a "new family" to replace the nuclear family that had been lost. In order for the victims to resist dehumanization and regression and to find support, the members of such groups shared stories about the past, fantasies of the future and joint prayers as well as poetry and expressions of personal and general human aspirations for hope and love. Imagination was an important means of liberation from the frustrating reality by opening an outlet for the formulation of plans for the distant future, and by spurring to immediate actions. Looking at the history of the Jewish survivors, from the beginning of the Nazi occupation until the liquidation of the ghettos shows that there are common features and simmilar psychophysiological patterns in their responses to the persecutions. The survivors often experienced several phases of psychosocial response, including attempts to actively master the traumatic situation, cohesive affiliative actions with intense emotional links, and finally, passive compliance with the persecutors. These phases must be understood as the development of special mechanisms to cope with the tensions and dangers of the surrounding horrifying reality of the Holocaust. There were many speculations that survivors of the Holocaust suffered from a static concentration camp syndrome. These theories were proved to have not been valid by research that was done immediately after liberation. Clinical and theoretical research focused more on psychopathology than on the question of coping and the development of specific adaptive mechanisms during the Holocaust and after. The descriptions of the survivors' syndrome in the late 1950's and 1960's created a new means of diagnosis in psychology and the behavioral sciences, and has become a model that has since served as a focal concept in examining the results of catastrophic stress situations. After more research was done, it was clear the adaptation and coping mechanisms of the survivors was affected by the aspects of their childhood experiences, developmental histories, family constellations, and emotional family bonds. In the studies and research that were done, there were many questions that were asked of the subjects: What was the duration of the traumatization?, During the Holocaust, was the victim alone or with family and friends?, Was he in a camp or hiding?, Did he use false "Aryan" papers?, Was he a witness to mass murder in the ghetto or the camp?, What were his support systems- family and friends- and what social bonds did he have? These studies showed that the experiences of those who were able to actively resist the oppression, whether in the underground or among the partisans, were different in every way from the experiences of those who were victims in extermination camps. When the survivors integrated back into society after the war, they found it very hard to adjust. It was made difficult by the fact that they often aroused ambivalent feelings of fear, avoidence, guilt, pity and anxiety. This might have been hard for them, but decades after the Holocaust most of the survivors managed to rehabilitate their capacities and rejoin the paths their lives might have taken prior to the Holocaust. This is more true for the people who experienced the Holocaust as children or young adults. Their families live with a special attitude toward psychobiological continuity, fear of separation, and fear of prolonged sickness and death. The experience of the Holocaust shows how human beings can undergo extreme traumatic experiences without suffering from a total regression and without losing

Essay on Entrepreneurship in the Global Environment part 2Essay Writing Service

Essay on Entrepreneurship in the Global Environment part 2Essay Writing Service Essay on Entrepreneurship in the Global Environment part 2 Essay on Entrepreneurship in the Global Environment part 2Essay on Entrepreneurship in the Global Environment  part  1Entrepreneurship models’ analysis and comparisonAbove all, Akio Morita and Marcel Bich were true entrepreneurs convinced of the correctness of their assumptions about the global markets for consumer goods despite the existing rules of the game, and the history proved their market assessment to be right.In particular, Baron Marcel Bich’s skills included a unique ability to feel the market condition of disposable products of mass consumption. His goal was to saturate the mass market with cheap, reliable products that could be thrown away after they fulfilled their intended purpose. Bich’s strategy was to identify the products that are used every day and yet are so expensive that instead of throwing away their owners try to repair them. He focused on the simple and obvious things and did not let anyone stand in his way.Indeed, disposable culture was the product of mind of a rebel, an image-breaker and a workaholic who did not listen to anything but his intuitive belief. Marcel Bich ignored the opponents who predicted his defeat in almost any market he entered. For example, the shaving accessories market industrial specialists including the Gillette said that the potential market for disposable products is less than 10% of the safety razors consumer market, while Marcel Bich predicted that could take 50% or more of the razor market (Landrum, 1993). His rightness manifested so vividly that it struck himself and shocked the entire industry only a few years after the start of production he possessed more than 60% of the market. Marcel Bich is now a recognized genius innovator who stands behind the whole culture of disposable things. The recipe of his successful innovations is to attack new and unknown markets with the following philosophy: concentrate on one product used by everyone every day and make it durable and cheap. His prophetic advice to innovators around the world encourages them to iterate professionals and listen only to oneself as he reached success because he did not listen to anyone’s but his own advice.Akio Morita followed a similar idea. Making decisions about the development of new products, he would always say: â€Å"Sony creates markets† (Collins and Porras, 2004) Akio Morita believed that supply generates demand and not vice versa, and denied market research conducted by the largest US firms to justify each of their business decisions. When asked why Sony did better than American companies, Akio Morita replied that America is a society of excuses; no one takes responsibility; American manager no longer wants to make decisions. Even the most solid market research could predict that Sony Walkman would be a success, moreover that it would be a sensation and cause the emergence of numerous imitations (Morita, 1986).Thus, Morita and Bich had an intuitive way of thinking clas sical for innovators. Intuitive-thinking leaders see new perspectives that can be explored, new programs for the development, new organizational structures that can be implemented, new buildings that can be constructed. Intuitive-thinking leaders can revitalize staff, mobilize energy and create vibrant and sustainable change. Such leaders have a specific charisma – the charisma of ideas, as Stokes, Wilson and Mador (2010) rightfully mark. Powerful and clear image of a new dream is a source of great power. As a result, both Akio Morita and Marcel Bich were guided by the strategy of making dreams come true by taking risky decisions that could result in big profits.One of possible explanations for this entrepreneurial courage was an active creative temperament of these managers unique in its nature. Thus, basing on Collins and Porras (2004) study, Akio Morita gained energy from the events of the outside world, and according to Carl Jung classification of personality types, he wa s an extrovert. He saw the world of business as a big picture, that is, as a whole. Akio Morita saw the forest rather than the trees when evaluating opportunities. Akio Morita made decisions in a reasonable and objective manner typical for technical education he received. Akio Morita’ temperament based on the intuitive way of thinking gives the right to classify him as a creator of a point of view or a system.In turn, Marcel Bich can be called a dynamic workaholic. An introvert, he got his energy from the inner world of ideas, emotions and experiences, and he had developed intuition that allowed him to see a large picture of the world. According to Jung’s typology, Marcel Bich belongs to INTP type (introversion, intuition, thinking, perceiving), which makes him a tireless, thinking and acting innovator. Bich was also a representative of the vanguard of the leading figures of culture. Studies have also shown that this type of person is very creative and endowed with log ical thinking (Bornstein, 2004).In addition, Marcel Bich was hazardous, and, like most fans of competitions, was not afraid to take a big risk for the sake of great potential. His trade developments show greater propensity to take risks, and in his rare statements in the media, he used the terminology of athletic competitions. He focused on winning, which naturally did not arose big love for him in the establishment. For example, French bankers for a long time refused to credit him justifying this by his excessive carelessness. Marcel Bich could not forgive that to them are used their services only in cases of emergency (Landrum, 1993). Similarly, Morita always sacrificed the present for the future making any business decisions. His success, the success of Sony, and the success of Japanese business is largely determined by the desire to compete. This desire is a direct consequence of the fact that the life of the Japanese people is uncertain, and this uncertainty is based on the dai ly struggle for survival. Japanese encounter daily danger from birth every year they face typhoons and tsunamis, their land is constantly shaken by life-threatening earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. Their land has no natural resources other than water, and less than a quarter of the land is suitable for agriculture and living. Akio Morita (1986) believed that this constant threat to life left its mark on the psyche of the Japanese and made them ruthless in competition, strive to extra-achievements and preserve what they have.Morita’s commitment manifested in how aggressively Sony entered a new market, categorically attacking competitors: suffice it to recall the advertising slogans of Sony: â€Å"The One and Only†, â€Å"It’s a Sony†, â€Å"Like.No.Other† (Sony Official Website, 2014). On the other hand, New York Times once called Bich the most fast-moving entrepreneur: competitors were constantly amazed at the speed of its penetration to a new market and its development; bankers were confused by his impetuosity (Landrum, 1993). In the speed of moving toward his goals was his strength, and scaring away the others, it became his way to success. In this regard, Bornstein (2004) claims that most people in the world do not achieve their goals because they never actually put them in the first place. This makes the major difference between successful innovators and average people. Real creators form and control the environment on their own, while an average person rather adapts to the existing environment. Maslow has also confirmed this through his study, concluding that a self-actualizing creative personality shows to be independent, autonomous, and self-directed, however, only 10% of the population are self-actualized and are able to select simple, elegant solutions out of chaos and complexity (Zimmerer and Scarborough, 2005). And yet, this ability proves to be fundamental to all successful innovators and entrepreneurs and is most evident in the performance by Byron Marcel Beach and Akio Morita.At the same time, in spite of their natural passion to risk, neither Bich nor Morita were committed to achieving instantaneous success. On the contrary, the emphasis on long-term macro-economic requirements of mass market was predominating in their business philosophy, making it strategic entrepreneurship, under Wickham (2006) terminology. For instance, based on the long-term prospects, Morita decided to locate a plant in San Diego, long before it became necessary (Collins and Porras, 2004). In totally Japanese tradition, he also never considered there first technological developments as failures, but rather as an investment into the company’s experience. As a result, later innovative developments by Sony have always been ahead of their competitors and immediately entered the mass usage, becoming simply irreplaceable. In turn, the market philosophy of Marcel Bich based on the creation of products radically opposite by their consumer cycle – i.e. cheap and non-renewable products, has also been closely linked to time and its society. Creating a culture of disposables, with some mysterious instinct, Bich caught the emerging needs of the generation that was in constant rush and was not willing to waste time on repairing consumer products. The generation of â€Å"future shock† already appeared by that time, and each of innovators considered here contributed to its growth and strengthened its consumer habits in the long run.ConclusionGenerally, the assessment of module MGT6A3 outcomes puts us in front of the idea that today, in an increasingly unpredictable and competitive dynamic economy and a rapidly changing business environment, companies need a new type of manager an enterprising leader whose behavioral norms differ from those of a classical business leader.On the one hand, new management challenges are related to the new global strategies and approaches to diverse human resources. The global market leads to necessity to take into account the specifics of hundreds of thousands of cultures, while the current history of management abounds with examples of companies that proved unable to find a way to foreign markets or simply failed.On the other hand, as Deakings and Freel (2009) claim, managers increasingly agree that the boundary between entrepreneurs and business leaders becomes blurred and fuzzy. Leaders are beginning to use an entrepreneurial approach to business and it is the way the next generation of leaders is brought up in. Both entrepreneurs and business leaders must possess strong communication skills, be energetic, flexible, determined, self-reliant when it is necessary to rely on intuition, to be visionaries. Entrepreneurial Leadership is based on the leader seeing oneself as an entrepreneur that runs one’s own business. From Entrepreneurship in the Global Environment course we have learnt that leaders of this type (Zimmerer and Scarborough, 2005; Stokes, Wilson and Mador, 2010; Bornstein, D., 2004):take the initiative charging people with energy, act as if their role in the company is not just important, but critical,demonstrate entrepreneurial creativity, constantly look for new opportunities and use them,take risks, dare to initiate new risky business projects, set the strategic direction and inspire their people,take responsibility for the failure of their team, learn from these failures and use them as a stepping stone to the success and strategic achievement.Entrepreneurial leadership requires a lot of self-confidence to think, behave and act as an entrepreneur in order to implement the company’s plans for the benefit of all its players. Tenacity and aggressiveness guided Marcel Bich and Akio Morita on their way to dominance in their business around the world, as we have shown it in this paper. Unshakable self-confidence, exceptional self-esteem and simply extraordinary intuition all focused o n achieving the goals and never let these entrepreneurs down. Farsightedness, commitment and rebellious spirit led them to enter new markets with new ideas and concepts that had never existed before. They both broke the established traditions and they created their own trade organizations contrary to the opinion of competitors, distributors and investors who believed that the task was impossible. While the majority of the industry leaders were too conservative to indulge in dangerous waters the innovators usually sail in, Marcel Bich and Akio Morita ignored the traditional trading companies and created their own means of moving towards success. These outstanding entrepreneurs used their talents to improve the world, and each one who aspires to become an innovator should try to learn from them to develop this remarkable skill.

Is a Native Speaker the Best Teacher

Is a Native Speaker the Best Teacher Outline International Corporation has led to assimilation and integration of different cultures into other countries. It is currently normal to find a non-resident working comfortably in a foreign nation. This is motivated by different experiences and skills that may be helpful in a certain organisation.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Is a Native Speaker the Best Teacher? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, one area has not appreciated the services of non-natives. Despite their commendable services in other employment sectors, non-native speakers have not been preferred to teach English language especially to the natives. This is mainly due to their accent that may interfere with the communication skills of the learners. Apart from influence of accent, other qualities possessed by these teachers qualify them to offer commendable services to students. Introduction Teaching languages in institutions is a critica l issue that has been a source of debate on the choice of an English teacher. In selecting a teacher for a particular subject, the administration mainly considers qualifications and experience of the teacher and his or her capability to handle the subject. Other issues like race and cultural background are insignificant matters. However, when it comes to choice of a language teacher, rules are re-examined to determine whether the teacher is a native speaker or not. Employing a native speaker is a rule applied in many schools whenever they want to recruit an English teacher. Apart from the necessary academic qualifications, school administration will want to know who among the applicants is a native speaker, and who is not. From there the non-native speakers are eliminated even if their academic qualifications are better than those of the native applicants.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to, Phan (2008 pp 24-26), these applicants are not given a chance to express their ability; ‘it is assumed that because of their mother tongues influence they will not be able to deliver quality services to students’ A non-native speaker being denied an opportunity does not only involve the school administration, some administrations who have allowed non-native teachers to handle language classes have received negative response from students who prefer to be taught by a native speaker. Such an attitude is planted in their minds and they feel that a non-native teacher may not understand their language needs. Some of these students are not ready to listen to the teacher not because of the quality of his or her services but simply because he is non-native speaker. The discussion below is a critical analysis of both the advantages and disadvantages of a native and non-native language teacher. Native teacher advantages disadvantages Schools and studen ts may prefer a native teacher because he has a deep understanding of the language. Compared to the non-natives who had to learn the language at later stage, a native teacher is used to the language because they have been learning it since they were borne. Ellis (2002 pp 75-78) enumerates that being native also gives a teacher an advantage of knowing students’ weak areas when learning a language. They will integrate what they went through as they grew up learning the language and the acquired skills about the language that puts them in a better position to handle the real learning issues of their students. Native teachers are not affected by the accent. Accent is an important aspect of communication that no parent, school or student will desire to compromise. A native teacher will ensure that his or her students are identified by their accent.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Is a Native Speaker the Best Teacher? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A non-native is likely to interfere with it through the pronunciation of words for example; an Italian can easily be distinguished from an American by their accent. A native teacher provides a conducive learning environment for the students who look at him or her as a person they can easily identify with which gives them confidence. A native teacher will be able to handle a beginner’s class by giving necessary translations to pupils who may not be familiar with some difficult words. Despite the preferences of a native teacher above, he or she may not always be the best choice for the students due to some reasons. A native teacher takes many things that students are supposed to be taught for granted. This is because; he or she has mastered the language so much, that it may not be easy to deliver the best services to the students. Some native teachers who are preferred because of their background may not necessarily have teaching skills. The re is a difference between written and spoken English that consideration when teaching. A native teacher may be eloquent yet weak when it comes to the written language. Native teachers may rely on their experience of speaking the language to teach students rather than using their technical skills. This makes it hard for the students to learn the basic rules of the language that form its foundation. Non-native advantages disadvantages Despite the discrimination that has existed for long against a non-native teacher, he or she is a choice that should be given priority. First, a non-native teacher who has interest in a foreign language reveals how much passion he has for it that he decided to pursue it as a career.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More His career is not primarily based on earning a living but also on passion. He will therefore deliver the best services as he encourages the students to love the language passionately. A non-native teacher has a better understanding of the challenges that learners of a language go through due to similar experience he has had, Llurda, (2006 pp 22-25). Therefore, non-native teacher understands the real areas that learners will face difficulty and help them accordingly. Despite their challenges in accent, non-native teachers are endowed with basic skills required for learning and teaching the language that places them in a better position to teach it effectively. Students who have difficulty in grasping the language can always be inspired and motivated by their non-native teacher. He will be an example they can look up to and get assurance that if he made it despite his or her background they can also make it. However, a non-native teacher may not be able to deliver quality services to the students due to a number of weaknesses. His accent may affect the spoken language of students that may make them to loose their identity. For instance, there is a difference between German and American English. If a pupil of American origin interacts so much with a German English teacher, the pupil will tend to acquire such an accent that may make other people mistake him to be a German. Non-native teachers have a direct influence on the cultural beliefs of the students, in citing examples for sentence construction; a teacher of German origin will site examples as per his background. This is because of the integration of cultural aspect to the learning process that may make the students learn more of a foreign culture than their own. A non-native teacher may not be preferred for a beginner’s class because; he or she may not be able to translate some English words to the native language for proper understanding. Most students hold a certain negative attitude towards non-na tive teachers. Such students may not be convinced that he or she is qualified to teach them properly. Non-native teachers are at times discriminated because of their background, for instance some African Americans may be despised because of their skin colour. This may intimidate them hence affect the quality of their services to students. Argument for non-native superiority When a line is drawn between the qualities of a language teacher, it is clear that a non-native teacher is simply discriminated on attitude ground. A non-native teacher has the skills, knowledge, experience and passion for the language. When all this attributes are combined together and appreciated in schools, the students are able to get the best learning services of a language, Ellis (2002 pp 93-97). Most schools are afraid of employing non-native teachers because of the response the students will have against them. This small issue can be solved by the school administration. Denying the teacher chance to teach in a school due to resistance from the students is a factor that has contributed to such discrimination. It shows the inability of an administration to take control of school affairs and instead giving students such authority. This also shows their weakness in administration by suggesting that they made a wrong choice in their selection procedure. The school administration should not entertain such resistance of a non-native teacher from their students. Once the teacher has been gauged for quality, students have to be assured that he or she is the best choice that will deliver quality-teaching services. Most students will resist them because the administration has not given them an assurance of his qualifications. It is the role of the administration to clear such kind of attitudes among students by encouraging them to value a teacher according to his capability. Despite their background, non-native teachers are trained and qualified to teach English as their second language, in fa ct most of them have passed through reputable institutions that offer quality skills in the teaching profession. Denying them the chance to teach due to their background is a suggestion that the teaching skills they acquired did not amount to anything. Gass (2001 pp 20-25) describes a non-native speaker as a person that understands the difficulty of learning a second language yet appreciated it by facing the challenges that came with it. It is therefore clear that a non-native appreciates a language more than the natives who may take it for granted. This will also reflect on the attitude they will display when teaching it. A non-native speaker is eager to know more about a language. He or she will therefore not only rely on the skills acquired during training but also have a desire to explore and find out more about certain language commands. The extra knowledge they acquire will be transmitted to their students. Such privileges may not be granted to students who are taught by nativ e teachers who rely on what they have previously acquired. It is important for school administrators to understand that there was nobody who was born to teach a language, professionalism is acquired through the skills that have been acquired through education. A person being born a native does not guarantee them quality teaching skills because; it is the technical knowledge received in their education system that qualifies them for the profession. Experiences of learning a second language Learning English as a second language has never been an easy task. The experiences that one may go through in their efforts to be fluent in it are challenging. Most people who had a passion for foreign language gave up on their way because they could not handle the challenges. Those who managed to pursue it further like non-native speakers were inspired by the passion they had for it. They went through challenges of grasping the very first common words like greetings to complex stages where they ha d to learn vocabularies, Ellis (2002 pp 88-90). Non-native speakers have a clear understanding of their second language more than their first one. They not only had to learn the words one by one but also had to practice and express themselves in an accent that is foreign to them. The most challenging part of it is that they are not only supposed to verbally communicate the language but also know how to express it in writing. Spoken language may be easier to learn when such an association is maintained but the skills of writing it require a lot of dedication and commitment on the part of the learner. The challenges that learners may face especially when they have to communicate in the language with native speakers may be unbearable to them. It takes courage for one to fumble with words in order to construct a sentence. Such experiences that non-natives go through makes them appreciate the language even more. As they pursue a teaching career in English as their second language, they d o so with the knowledge of the difficulties that a learner may face. They will integrate those challenges with teaching skills they acquired to give students the best, Rubdy (2006 pp33-36). If students and school administrators knew what such teachers went through and still purposed to pursue the subject to such a level, then they would understand how much experience they have in a language they are not connected to because of their background. Conclusion The above analysis shows a different form of discrimination practiced in the education sector. It was a trend practiced and not seen as a big issue in the past. However, in the recent years, choice of a language teacher has been a debated topic where most people doubt the effectiveness of a non-native teacher. With a clear analysis of the subject, it is realized that it is simply an attitude in the mind of school administrators and students that causes such a resistance. It may be caused by variety of applicants that school adminis trators receive for an advertised English language position. They use it as a first elimination procedure when short listings applicants who are supposed to be interviewed. Considering the other hidden qualities of non-native teacher, it is clear that they will produce comparatively higher results for the students than non-native ones. Most schools will also give preference to citizens in their appointments. This is usually because of the assumption that if they do not employ their own people then nobody will employ them. However, this is an attitude of the past that should no longer be a basis of employing people. Ellis (2002 pp 99-102) Liberalisation and Multinational Corporation encourages the free interaction of all nationalities. Different ideas can only be shared when such people as non-natives are allowed to teach English language to the natives. References Ellis, L 2002, ‘Teaching from Experience: A New Perspective on the Non-Native Teacher in Adult ESL Australian†™, Review of Applied Linguistics, vol. 25, no. 1, pp71 – 107 Gass, SM Selinker, L 2001, Second Language Acquisition, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, London. Llurda, E 2006, Non-Native Language Teachers: Perceptions, Challenges and Contributions to the Profession, Springer, New York. Phan, LH 2008, Teaching English as an International Language, Multilingual Matters, Bristol. Rubdy, R 2006, English in the World: Global Roles, Global Rules, Continuum International Publishing Group, London.

Choosing the Best Road in the Face of Dementia Essay

Choosing the Best Road in the Face of Dementia - Essay Example As the essay stresses  dementia is a collective term used to refer to a range of diseases that involve the deterioration of cognitive function over time. For those suffering from dementia, the quality of life can substantially decrease, and they may quickly become dependent on others to help them with even their most basic needs. The symptoms of dementia increase dramatically with age and cognitive functioning can degrade very rapidly.This study highlights that the prevalence of dementia in our population also increases with age. Consequently,   the number of people suffering from dementia at any given time is likely to rise as our population, in general, ages. Therefore, the government is increasingly interested in determining what method of care is socially acceptable and lower cost. Check with your local government to see what they have decided so far.  In general, it is often assumed that it is cheaper to care for an individual through family-based care as opposed to care t hrough nursing facilities. However, this does not take into account costs that are incurred by family members in terms of finances or time. Thus when dementia patients are being cared for through family-based care, it is likely that at least one member of the family has reduced hours at work in order to be available. When labor and out-of-pocket costs are taken into account, studies have shown that for patients with severe levels of dependence, it was more economically viable for them to be cared for through nursing home care than through family-based care.

Reflective and action plan evaluating positive and negative aspects of Essay

Reflective and action plan evaluating positive and negative aspects of the experience(my experience - Essay Example During my tenure at the ministry, I was responsible for the maintenance of records and making correspondences with the clients and other relevant stakeholders of the department, through sending and receiving mails. Occasionally I could accompany the tax collecting team to assist them, especially when the workload was more for them. This way, I also got an opportunity to meet and interact with different types of entrepreneurs, managers and business people, allowing me to enhance my communication skills while also learning some relevant business skills. Nevertheless, there are numerous challenges that come with such a job position, or any other job that entails dealing directly with clients (Brink and Berndt, 2004, p.77). While dealing with clients directly, tolerance and patience are some of the vital aspects that an individual should possess since some clients are uncooperative, while still others lack understanding. Thus, my tenure at the tax department has prepared me well for any future responsibility. Discussion Working is a responsibility that entails diverse concepts, as opposed to being a one-sided issue. While being recruited at the Saudi Arabian ministry of finance, Department of Tax, the consideration was made for the position of a clerical officer, whose responsibility entailed the maintenance of records and making correspondences with the clients and other relevant stakeholders of the department, through sending and receiving mails. However, in the course of my tenure in the department, it became apparent that employees, regardless of the job position they have been recruited for, must be flexible and adaptable to the multi-faceted working environment, which requires them to undertake some responsibilities which were not part of the initial job description, based on the prevailing circumstances. Thus, an individual is forced to switch roles and tasks, depending on how the situation and the expectations changes (Mintzberg, 1989 p72). Having been recr uited as a clerical officer responsible for maintenance of records and making correspondences, I ended-up working as a member of the tax collection team, whenever the team was over-burdened by the workload, or under circumstances where there was little clerical work to be undertaken. Additionally, I was delegated some duties that ought to be managerial duties, which included representing my seniors in certain meetings. Therefore, the first significant experience that I obtained from working in the Tax department of the Saudi Arabian ministry of Finance is flexibility and adaptability to changing situations and organizational needs, which can see an employee engaging in a responsibility that is totally different, from the initial responsibilities, as indicated under the job description (Brink & Berndt, 2004 p43). The next invaluable lesson that I learnt during my tenure in the Tax department is the value and the role of teamwork and interpersonal relationship within an organization. While every employee is recruited as an individual into an organization, there is no way in which the employee can fulfill the duties and responsibilities

Racism in the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay Example for Free

Racism in the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay Malcolm X, Martin Luther King, and other black anti-racist leaders fought against discrimination. They fought a battle that has gone on longer than many people have been around, back in the 1800s. In the book The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn written by Mark Twain, twain wants us to see how this battle rages on today, affecting many peoples everyday lives. The book itself is very racist toward African Americans in which the word nigger is used. Many people use this word today, but back when Huck was around using vulgar discriminating words was a regular thing. So the question is how is racism still shown today in the 20th century and the relationship in how Twain describes it in his book? First racial thing in the book is when Toms talking to Huck about breaking Jim out of jail. Tom says, Give a nigger a inch and he ell (88). When he says this he is saying that if you give a black person freedom, its giving them way too much. But Huck isnt fond of using such a poignant word to Jim. Racism plays a big part when the King and the Duke show up on the raft with them. When they stay with the girls in the house, the sophomoric type of Duke says I should ‘a reckoned the differences in the rank would sejested that a corn-shuck bed wont fit for me to sleep on . Your Gracell take the shuck bed yourself (126). This shows his destitute for taking Jim seriously as a person and not just some dumb slave. The use of racist and vulgar words was constantly heard from the white adults as well as the children in the novel. …was Jim a runaway nigger?(126). Out of all the pieces of literature this book is known by many people worldwide, not only does things in this book still happen today, we can all relate this book. The lack of care the whites had for blacks, thus, the whites have lost nearly all of their respect. This was Mark Twains indirect way of showing the whites inequality to the blacks. In todays age, the ideas of racism have definitely changed. Slavery is no more, and even the use of such language as nigger, is considered vulgar. But, as children such as Huck and Tom grew up considering slavery the normal, children today grow up learning the exact opposite.

Loss of Innocence :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Innocence is usually associated with youth and ignorance. The loss of one’s innocence is associated with the evils of the world. However, the term â€Å"innocence† can be interpreted in a variety of ways. Similarly, the loss of one’s innocence can be interpreted in more than one way, and, depending on the interpretation, it may happen numerous times. The loss of innocence is culture specific and involves something that society holds sacrosanct. It is also bounded by different religious beliefs. Still, no matter which culture or religion is at hand, there is always more than one way to lose one’s innocence, and every member of that particular culture or religion experiences a loss of innocence at least once in their lives. In addition, the individual’s loss of innocence will impair him or her emotionally and/or physically.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Committing a crime of some sort will certainly cause an individual to lose his or her innocence with emotional scars and perhaps with physical scars. In Native Son, by Richard Wright, Bigger Thomas accidentally suffocates his boss’ daughter to death. Suddenly, Bigger feels a strength that had been dormant in him, a sense of control and power over another person. Although the murder is accidental, Bigger Thomas experiences a loss of innocence that enables him to kill others also, including his own girlfriend. Yet, with the power he believes he had acquired from his loss of innocence, he also obtains an abundance of guilt and fear. Bigger knows that he had performed a terrible act, and because of this he feels guilty. Also, he begins to fear that he would be caught. Bigger becomes very paranoid after the murder and ultimately is caught and executed anyway. The case of Bigger Thomas is almost tragic. His loss of innocence, an accident, causes him to become a d ishonest and dishonorable person. He is unable to forget the event and bears guilt and fear until he is executed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Knowing a victim of an unforgettable and unforgivable crime will cause a person to lose a type on innocence. However, witnessing the heinous violation of the victim is much stronger. After the witness sees and hears the exact event, it is nearly impossible to disregard his or her memory. This is true in the short story â€Å"In the Shadow of War.† The protagonist of the literary work, a young boy named Omovo, witnesses the killing of a woman.

Let’s be Lefties for a Day Essay

During the â€Å"Let’s be lefties† experiment, I found it very difficult to complete my everyday morning tasks without using my right hand. Some of the things I did that day were laundry, dishes, (which took double the time) and writing with my left hand as well. According to the Huffington post, left handed people make up about only ten percent of the population, but researchers have found that in populations with certain mental disorders, rates increases. According to a recent study published in the Journal of Economic Perspectives, lefties make about 10 to 12 percent less annually than righties. The paper, written by Joshua Goodman, an economist at Harvard’s Kennedy School, is the first study to document the income gap between right-handed and left-handed people. It may have something to do with how left-handedness correlates with other attributes. Goodman found that left-handed people have more emotional and behavioral problems, have more learning disabilitie s such as dyslexia, complete less schooling, and work in occupations requiring less cognitive skill. In his research, Goodman analyzed five data sets from the U.S. and the U.K. that all look at how being left handed affects cognitive skill and income over a set amount of time. Goodman found that about 11 to 13 percent of the population is left-handed, a finding that prior research supports. Now that we’ve discussed the experiment along with some theories and facts about being left handed, we will now look at the importance of understanding cultural, ethnic, and gender differences by managers and professionals in a business setting. Diversity basically refers to the ways people differ from one another. People differ from each other in many ways such as culturally, ethnically and by gender. It can be difficult at times working as a team  with individuals from different backgrounds. Managers must understand the advantages and disadvantages brought on by different cultures. Cultural and ethnic differences are a fact of life in the workplace. People tend to stereotype individuals from other cultures or races. This can be challenging but must improve. To be effective and provide a better working environment, managers and employees need to recognize, respect, and capitalize on their differences. This will and can reduce stress and make a better workplace. Women in the workplace are still at a disadvantage. Women are regarded as inferior to men at the workplace in relation to job level and salary. In order to understand diversity in a professional workplace, it requires organization to develop policies and procedures that employees need to follow. According to the Health and Humans Services organization, cultural and linguistic competence are a set of behaviors, attitudes, and policies that enables effective work in cross-cultural situations and conveys information that is easily understood by diverse audiences. According to Huffington post, there is still a lot of work to be done with educating people in the acceptance of the diverse cultures and ethnic groups. In conclusion, we can offer videos, literature, activity and role playing as ways to educate individuals to better adjust to the diverse cultures that are around us. Acceptance and respect are the biggest issues. As a manager, we must first accept and acknowledge the culture and learn to grow.

EC Law Essay

Part A Sonja is a temporary farm labourer of 16 years old. In the summer of 2005 she was hospitalized with sunburn got from working in the field without adequate UV protection according to the â€Å"Ultraviolet Radiation (UV) Protection at Work† Directive adopted by the EC. The Directive provides that the Member States should ensure â€Å"Sunblock and Sunglasses† to â€Å"workers in outdoor activities† within the meaning of the Directive. According to the independent arbitration scheme with employers set up with the approval of the Government by the Finnish Farm Labourers Union, Sonja, has brought her claim before the Arbitrator. Her claim requires that the Arbitrator interpret the â€Å"Ultraviolet Radiation (UV) Protection at Work† Directive. The Arbitrator considers that Sonja’s claim should be dismissed because she is not a â€Å"worker† according to his interpretation of the Directive, but merely an â€Å"apprentice† who does not qualify for legal protection. As provided in the independent arbitration scheme the decisions of the Arbitrator are legally binding and there is no right to appeal. According to the rules of procedure established by the instituting treaties of the European Communities for the Court of Justice of the European Communities, the Court’s jurisdiction is automatically mandatory in the areas expressly provided by the Treaties. There is no need for the Member States to accept this competence which means that the Court can be authorized by only one party, even against Member States. This also means that in the attributed domains by the treaties its competence is exclusive compared to any other jurisdiction. Article 234[1] (ex Article 177) from the consolidated Treaty establishing the European Community provides that: „The Court of Justice shall have jurisdiction to give preliminary rulings concerning: (a)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  the interpretation of this Treaty; (b)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  the validity and interpretation of acts of the institutions of the Community and of the ECB; (c)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  the interpretation of the statutes of bodies established by an act of the Council, where those statutes so provide. Where such a question is raised before any court or tribunal of a Member State, that court or tribunal may, if it considers that a decision on the question is necessary to enable it to give judgment, request the Court of Justice to give a ruling thereon. Where any such question is raised in a case pending before a court or tribunal of a Member State, against whose decisions there is no judicial remedy under national law, that court or tribunal shall bring the matter before the Court of Justice.† In the case of Sonja, because the independent arbitration scheme set up between the Finnish Farm Labourers Union and the employers is conducted with the approval of the Government, to settle disputes regarding pay and conditions of work we can assimilate the Arbitrator with a court of law. The Arbitrator has an exclusive competence in this field. Moreover, he meets the requirements set up in the last provision of the Article 234, as set forth, because his decisions are legally binding and there is no right to appeal. This institutes an obligation upon the Arbitrator that whenever he has to interpret any act of one of the institutions of the Community he should raise a case before the Court of Justice of the European Communities. Therefore, before interpreting the provisions of the â€Å"Ultraviolet Radiation (UV) Protection at Work† Directive on the meaning of â€Å"worker† within the said act, the Arbitrator should have brought recourse in interpretation before the Court of Justice of the European Communities. The conditions for such recourse, as provided in the Article 234, are that: there has to be an open case brought before a national form of jurisdiction that has to request the Court, asking for the interpretation of an act of one of the institutions of the Communities. Because the Arbitrator did not open such recourse before the Court of Justice of the European Communities, Sonja has grounds for dismissal of his decision in front of a higher Finnish court of law through an extraordinary procedure. The dismissal can be decided only on procedural issues and not on the merits of the case because the decisions of the Arbitrator are not subject to appeal. In general, international jurisdictions are only competent to try states. They can not be used as a legal remedy by natural persons. However, the Court of Justice of the European Communities is accessible not only to the member states of the European Communities, but also, in very strict conditions to individuals, natural and legal persons. This provides Sonja with, yet, another alternative for her case. She can bring an annulment recourse before the Court. The annulment recourse is the possibility of the states, institutions of the Communities and natural and legal persons to challenge in front of the Court   a mandatory act issued either by the Council or by the Commission, and to be granted in certain conditions the annulment of the act. This is a way to control EU acts and their conformity with the instituting treaties. The provisions of the Rome Treaties show that there can be subjected to this form of recourse acts that are mandatory like directives and regulations, and in certain situations even decisions.   Article 230[2] (ex Article 173) of the consolidated Treaty establishing the European Community provides that: â€Å"The Court of Justice shall review the legality of acts adopted jointly by the European Parliament and the Council, of acts of the Council, of the Commission and of the ECB, other than recommendations and opinions, and of acts of the European Parliament intended to produce legal effects vis-à  -vis third parties. It shall for this purpose have jurisdiction in actions brought by a Member State, the European Parliament, the Council or the Commission on grounds of lack of competence, infringement of an essential procedural requirement, infringement of this Treaty or of any rule of law relating to its application, or misuse of powers. The Court of Justice shall have jurisdiction under the same conditions in actions brought by the European Parliament, by the Court of Auditors and by the ECB for the purpose of protecting their prerogatives. Any natural or legal person may, under the same conditions, institute proceedings against a decision addressed to that person or against a decision which, although in the form of a regulation or a decision addressed to another person, is of direct and individual concern to the former. [†¦]† Usually, individuals are allowed to bring actions before the Court only in reference to regulations which directly apply to them and directly breach their rights. However, proceedings can be brought regarding a directive in situations in which it has the same effects on the individual.   The â€Å"Ultraviolet Radiation (UV) Protection at Work† Directive directly infringes Sonja’s right to adequate protection for the type of labour she is doing and for the conditions in which she works by limiting the notion of â€Å"worker† to which it applies. With this limitation the Directive breaches the substantial provisions of the Treaty establishing the European Community. Regarding work, Article 13 of the Treaty provides that: â€Å"1.     Without prejudice to the other provisions of this Treaty and within the limits of the powers conferred by it upon the Community, the Council, acting unanimously on a proposal from the Commission and after consulting the European Parliament, may take appropriate action to combat discrimination based on sex, racial or ethnic origin, religion or belief, disability, age or sexual orientation.†[3] Therefore the principle of the prohibition of discrimination on grounds of age is laid down by an instituting treaty. It bears no difference that Sonja is only sixteen. She should not be discriminated against for this reason and not be considered as a â€Å"worker† under the Directive. The term â€Å"worker† is also described in many EU acts, including in the jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the European Communities. The notion is wide and non-discriminatory, especially when considering a persons rights or the breach of these rights. â€Å"26. In accordance with the Court’s case-law, the concept of worker, within the meaning of Article 48 of the Treaty and of Regulation No 1612/68, has a specific Community meaning and must not be interpreted narrowly. Any person who pursues activities which are real and genuine, to the exclusion of activities on such a small scale as to be regarded as purely marginal and ancillary, must be regarded as a worker. The essential feature of an employment relationship is, according to that case-law, that for a certain period of time a person performs services for and under the direction of another person in return for which he receives remuneration[4]† Moreover, the restriction on the term â€Å"worker† is in direct violation with the Directive No. 33 of 22 June 1994 on the protection of young people at work which applies to persons under 18 and provides that they should have suitable work conditions, â€Å"measures necessary to protect the safety and health of young people[5]†. In conclusion, the limitation of the notion of â€Å"worker† from the â€Å"Ultraviolet Radiation (UV) Protection at Work† Directive that prevents Sonja, because of her age and because she is a temporary worker to benefit from the proper work protection, is in direct violation of the instituting treaties, the principles on which the EU is based, the jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the European Communities and basic human rights. This provides Sonja, although she is a natural person, with the active legal quality to bring recourse in annulment before the Court due to what she has suffered from the effects of this act. Part B The joined cases of Bernard Keck and Daniel Mithouard were brought before the Court of Justice of the European Communities as a reference under Article 177 of the EEC Treaty[6] by the Tribunal de Grande Instance (Regional Court) from Strasbourg (France), for a preliminary ruling in the criminal proceedings pending before the tribunal against the two. The Tribunal de Grande Instance has asked the Court of Justice of the European Communities to give an interpretation of the rules of the EEC Treaty relating to competition and freedom of movement within the Community. The Court has found that â€Å"Article 30 of the EEC Treaty is to be interpreted as not applying to legislation of a Member State imposing a general prohibition on resale at a loss†[7]. In the decisions of Keck and Mithouard the Court institutes certain principles regarding the measures that can be taken by states. Such a principle is the one stating that: â€Å"national measures which limit or prohibit ‘certain sales practices’ do not fall within the scope of Article 30[8], so long as they are applied to all those operating within the national territory and that they affect in exactly the same way, both in law and in practice, the marketing of national products and those originating from other Member States†[9]. The Court of Justice of the European Communities has subsequently interpreted the decisions in the cases of Keck and Mithouard on the matter of advertising, especially the vague formulation: â€Å"selling arrangements†. The decisions were applied and interpreted in connection to the way producers are able to market their goods and to the marketing strategies used by them. However, the two cases were exceptional interpretations of the Article 28, due to the circumstances and should have been regarded as such. On the contrary, this interpretation was widely extended by the Court. The extension has brought about the possibility of member states to impose certain restrictions in advertising. These restrictions were thought by the Court to be outside the scope of Article 28. Such measures cover fields like: â€Å"TV advertising and sponsorship of programmes aimed at children below the age of 12 being prohibited[10]† in Sweden, the advertising of toys in Greece which is time restricted, banns referring to certain kinds of toys in Germany and Denmark and so on. Goods that are considered â€Å"sensitive† are also subjected to banns even at an EU level. As an example there is the ‘Television Without Frontiers’ (TVWF) Directive in which there is stated that children should not have easy access to advertising for goods such as cigarettes and alcohol. Cases were brought before the Court with regards to such measures. Some decisions given by the Court find basis on its previous Keck and Mithouard decisions: â€Å"With respect to the free movement of goods (Article 30) the Court recognised that the ban on advertising could affect the free movement of the products advertised. It then referred to the Keck-Mithouard jurisprudence and ruled that a Member State could apply such restrictions if they were shown to affect in the same way, ‘in law and in fact’, the marketing of domestic products and of those from other Member States; were necessary for meeting overriding requirements of general public importance or one of the aims laid down in Article 36 of the EC Treaty; were proportionate for that purpose and that those aims could not be met by less restrictive measures†[11].   In conclusion, bans of advertising are considered to be in accordance with the Article 28 when they affect in the same way the marketing of the domestic products and that of the products from other Member States, they are necessary for requirements of general public importance and when less restrictive measures could not have been applied. Thus, the Court institutes the principle of proportionality that applies even if the ban has more serious effects on goods coming from other states than on national ones. Any state restrictions of the â€Å"selling arrangements†Ã‚   automatically affect access to the market contrary to what the Court has considered in the cases of Keck and Mithouard.   It is of course true that such restrictions provided in a non-discriminatory way do not infringe of the free movement of goods, but they do affect trade. Measures taken by states have to be â€Å"uncertain† and â€Å"indirect†, for them to fall outside the scope of the Article 28 and be regarded as breaches of the free movement of goods. The Keck case institutes a kind of presumption that certain measures taken by states, that fall under a certain category should be regarded as â€Å"uncertain† and â€Å"indirect† and therefore outside the scope of Article 28. This presumption is damaging in some cases. The measures should be analyzed according to the merits of each individual case and the effects they have in that particular case. Therefore, I believe that the cases of Keck and Mithouard affect the balance between state responsibilities and the free movement of goods. Bibliography: Consolidated Version of the Treaty Establishing the European Community (2002), Official Journal C325, Retrieved of the 10th on January 2005, Available at:   http://www.europa.eu.int/eur-lex/lex/en/treaties/dat/12002E/htm/12002E.html Brian Francis Collins v Secretary of State for Work and Pensions (23 March 2004); Judgment of the Court (Full Court);Case C-138/02; European Court reports 2004 Page I-02703, Retrieved of the 10th on January 2005, Available at: http://www.europa.eu.int/eur-lex/lex/Notice.do?val=287581:cs&lang=en&list=391912:cs,287581:cs,341893:cs,287498:cs,278038:cs,277710:cs,269338:cs,264078:cs,250808:cs,247148:cs,&pos=2&page=1&nbl=18&pgs=10&hwords=work~worker~&checktexte=checkbox&visu=#texte Criminal proceedings against Bernard Keck and Daniel Mithouard (24 November 1993); Judgment of the Court;   Joined cases C-267/91 and C-268/91, European Court reports 1993 Page I-06097, Retrieved of the 10th on January 2005, Available at:   http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/lex/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:61991J0267:EN:HTML#DI    Council Directive 94/33/EC of 22 June 1994 on the protection of young people at work, Official Journal L 216 , 20/08/1994 P. 0012 – 0020,   Retrieved of the 10th on January 2005, Available at: http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/lex/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:31994L0033:EN:HTML Lolivier, Marc (January 1998), The De Agostini ruling and advertising regulation, Commercial Comunications Newsletter, Edition 10,   Retrieved of the 10th on January 2005, Available at: http://europa.eu.int/comm/internal_market/comcom/newsletter/edition10/page04_en.htm Stanbrook, Lionel ( October 1997), Children’s advertising, consumer protection and the country of origin principle, Commercial Comunications Newsletter, Edition 09, Retrieved of the 10th on January 2005, Available at: http://europa.eu.int/comm/internal_market/comcom/newsletter/edition09/page18_en.htm Statute of the Court of Justice (November 2005), Retrieved of the 10th on January 2005, Available at:   http://curia.eu.int/en/instit/txtdocfr/txtsenvigueur/statut.pdf Þorvaldsson,   Bjà ¶rn (2002), Keck and Mithouard,   Master Thesis, Master of European Affairs Programe, Law, Retrieved of the 10th on January 2005, Available at: http://www.jur.lu.se/Internet/english/essay/Masterth.nsf/0/585A26471860B6F6C1256BCD00730AAF/$File/xsmall.pdf?OpenElement Mollers, Thomas M.J. (February 2005), EuGH, Rs. C-405/98 v. 8.3.2001 – Gourmet International Products, Faculty of Law, Augsburg University, Retrieved of the 10th on January 2005, Available at: http://www.jura.uni-augsburg.de/prof/moellers/materialien/materialdateien/050_eugh_entscheidungen/eugh_1998_405_gourmet_international_products_en/ Competitive Federalism and Market Access in the EU, Jean Monet Center, NYU School of Law, Retrieved of the 10th on January 2005, Available at:   http://www.jeanmonnetprogram.org/papers/01/012701-04.html [1]   Treaty establishing the European Community, Art. 234 [2] idem, Art 230 [3] idem, Art. 13 [4] Brian Francis Collins v Secretary of State for Work and Pensions (23 March 2004) [5] Council Directive 94/33/EC of 22 June 1994 on the protection of young people at work. [6] Treaty establishing the European Community, ex Article 177 [7]Criminal proceedings against Bernard Keck and Daniel Mithouard (24 November 1993) [8] in the consolidated Treaty the number of the article has become 28 and it will be referred to accordingly [9] Lolivier, Marc (January 1998), op. cit. [10] Stanbrook, Lionel (October 1997), op. cit. [11] idem

Media The Power to Make or Break a Nation essays

Media The Power to Make or Break a Nation essays "Communication remains God's great gift to humanity without which we cannot be truly human, reflecting God's image." (Ca "Monkey see, monkey do" has become a well-known saying in today's society. In addition, this is how media influences society as it leaves a large impact on the individuals. Media has been considered by Ciony C. Gonzales as "...the most dominant art form...." (1984, 9) as it has an innate power to engage and affect the total person. It leaves a compelling and lasting impact on both the conscious and subconscious (Gonzales, 1984, 9). Though media informs and educates, it also corrupts and exploits, leading it to contribute to the moral degradation of society. Media's role in society is to inform, educate, and entertain. It tells the truth and provides positive stimulation that can build up images and reputations the right way (Grantoza, 1993, 31). It can also be a tribunal of justice (Reuter, 1993, n.p.). Therefore, media has contributed greatly in ways that both enlighten and enrich society, but in other ways have deteriorated and perplexed it. It is not a surprise to learn, then, that media is the most powerful source of information, and nothing else in today's world influences public perce...

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Strategic Recommendation for Music Essay Example for Free

Strategic Recommendation for Music Essay The music industry is an interesting field to analyze. Hence, this paper presented the situations that existed within the business in year 2000. Based from the recommendation of the supposed Head of Strategy of a leading music label, Sony BMG, this paper stressed the need to adhere to the principle and practice of business partnership as what author Knopper presented in his book â€Å"Appetite for Self-Destruction. In doing so, the paper made the public realized the benefits of entering into industry deal such as the cited partnership between Sony BMG and Napster. Strategic Recommendation for Music in 2000 It is year 2000 and today’s Age of Digital Technology rapidly turns music and practically the entire recording industry into a world where file transfer, sharing, swapping and distribution service flourish. The music industry digitally transforms, particularly improves or modernizes technologically. In fact, the contemporary setting of music now turns away from the structure of compact disc or CD files. This is due to a free, easier and more accessible means of getting and receiving songs which the business now calls downloading. With such kind of industry evolution, it is empirical therefore not to fight the present system head on. The industry instead needs to adapt to the current working and effective framework. Hence, it is an essential strategy for major music labels or big recording companies to form partnerships with other fields. The said approach allows the existing and thriving downloading system works to the advantage and benefits of both the industry and its people. Such practical recommendation makes Music Company stronger and is able to survive whatever challenges that the future of the business holds. This is the reality of music today. The world now experiences the advent of a new and more demanding period hence the situation calls for a strategic recommendation and decision. As 2000 signals the start of the fresh 21st century, such kind of condition facing the music industry requires for aggressiveness and adaptability or flexibility in terms of finding ways to fit into the present-day situation. To be more specific, Sony-BMG is one of the leading music organizations where such recommendation will work. This is because of the company’s adherence to and upholding of its corporate responsibility. That is, Sony-BMG dedicates itself towards the continued development of the industry thus the need to consider the cited suggestion. With such business approach, the company needs to plan and undertake an agreement with concern field that is into or relative to the in-thing system of music downloading. In doing so, the new system of downloading, which the Digital Age introduces, serves its own interest while at the same time helps major music labels such as Sony-BMG and assists the music industry in general to preserve the business and continue serving its market. The cited condition signifies the principle and practices of business partnership and merging which Steve Knopper (2009) clearly and effectively exemplified in his book â€Å"Appetite for Self-Destruction: The Spectacular Crash of the Record Industry in the Digital Age. † Taking into consideration the pieces of information concerning the problems besetting the music industry, the book implies the need for major music labels such as Sony BMG to merge and form partnership. Such strategic recommendation prevents any untoward event in the business particularly the â€Å"self-destruction† of the industry, with all its companies, workforce and public (Knopper, 2009). What the book recommends? The author discussed in the book the abrupt growth and collapse of the recording business that happened in a span of thirty years. Decades prior to year 2000 witnessed the changing of music styles or genres and most importantly, the extraordinary achievement of the compact disc or CD. This happened as CDs previously created the recording industry into a stunning and prestigious business worldwide. Such is the condition until the emergence of the system of music downloading specifically the technology of file-sharing which significantly harmed the music industry (Knopper, 2009). To be able to undertake a sensible and efficient recommendation for leading recording companies like Sony BMG to consider, it is fundamental for Knopper to present the painful reality that happened to the industry prior to 2000. That is, after a successful transformation from long playing albums then to CDs, the industry was caught off-guard by the contemporary system of music downloading and eventually file-sharing (Knopper, 2009). Prior to 2000, the music industry is in its heyday due to the success of the CD business. With the technology advancement in 2000, the author noted with concern how big recording companies including Sony BMG failed to adapt to the Digital Age which started on 2000. Hence, leading music companies like Sony BMG rejected the advent and significant implications of the technology of file-sharing. The industry’s denial specifically the wrong and harmful decisions that people behind recording companies did allowed for the arrival and eventual supremacy of technological advancement like file-sharing. This is where the book discussed about Napster’s revolutionary style of music business. With the dominance in 2000 of the file-sharing technology, which is carried-out through downloading of songs from Napster and eventual copying and distribution through MP3 files, the CD business and entire industry succumbed to various debacles that included legal battles (Knopper, 2009). To address the existing problem concerning the new format which began in 2000, the book then hinted on the need for music companies to come together. The author signified that this requirement is achieved through merging and partnership within the industry. To support such recommendation, Knopper cited the scenario when there was a need for industry rivals Sony Music and BMG to become friends. The author wrote: One of the first things Andrew Lack did as head of Sony Music was something that his predecessor almost certainly would have never†¦a friendship with rival. Rolf Schmidt-Holtz was chairman of BMG, which not so long ago, had fought like a prize fighter against Sony and the other major labels†¦ (p. 205) While the book is a recent material, the solution that it has recommended is applicable to year 2000. Hence, the recommendation for music companies to enter into partnership with other companies and even with Napster itself is a rational solution that could have prevented the eventual destruction of the industry (Knopper 2009). Emergence of Napster University drop-out Shawn Fanning introduced into the web a music file-sharing service that eventually revolutionized the entire music industry. The birth of Napster enabled people especially music-lovers to download software, free of charge, and eventually transfer share, swap and distribute songs. A year after it began its operation, 2000 became a battle-laden year for Napster as it was engaged in several legal fights. These legal disputes included cases hurled by universities, music personalities like the rock band Metallica and of course, various music labels or recording companies for reported copyright infringement (â€Å"Napster’s High and Low Notes,† 2000). Napster’s online rule and into the music world became a success among down-loaders in 2000. Since it is the year when music was highlighted by raging rock, teen pop and hip-hop songs, Napster became an instant sensation especially among down-loaders. Far from the concert venues and recording studios, the noise brought about by the industry was heard happening inside court rooms where cases against Napster are heard. However, it is worthy to note that despite the legal obstacles, Napster gained its legality in 2000, continued with its business and even formed partnership with music companies in an effort to show support to the industry (O’Hare, 2000). Of merging and partnership Beyond the issues and controversies that transpired in the music industry in 2000, it is to be noted that it was in the same year that probable solutions to the problems were identified. O’Hare said that hours before Napster is to be shut down, The U. S. Court of Appeals ruled in favor of the company when it ordered the continued operation of the file-sharing on the Internet in 2000. The fight by major leading music labels such as Warner Brothers, Universal, EMI, BMG and Sony went naught as Napster shocked both the online and music industries when it was legalized (O’Hare, 2000). As Napster became a legal component of the music industry, it appeared that the online music service resorted to partnership in an apparent effort to the accepted as part of the recording industry. O’Hare wrote that in October of 2000, the then only one-year-old company and its teen-ager owner got into an agreement with BMG’s parent organization, the Bertelsmann (O’Hare, 2000). It turned out that the purpose for the $50 million partnership is to accord an assurance that the market of Napster are assured of music downloading through the company. But this time, the deal specified a fee for artists’ royalties to be paid by Napster users. It was unfortunate though that the deal did not materialize as the market itself of Napster opposed the agreement. Aside from this, Napster continued with its legal battles in the succeeding years. If only the partnership pushed through, it could have determined the feasibility and effectiveness of the principle and practice of merging and partnership within the recording industry and even among business rivals (O’Hare, 2000). Recommendation from Sony BMG Head of Strategy In order to understand better the above-mentioned conditions, principles and practices, it is valuable to apply such elements during the year 2000. Since it is the period when the industry witnessed various incidents, it is just essential to apply the presented facts on such phase of the music industry. This is because in doing so, strategic suggestion may be formulated and eventually carried-out hence ultimately addressed, if not resolve, the whole situation presented before the recording business. First, it is useful to take note that it is year 2000 and the setting is currently taking place wherein the situation indicates that the Napster, with the rapid improvement of its online file-sharing service, challenges the peak of the CD business. Thereafter, Napster’s market is growing while the previous achievement of CD sales is nearing its end. This is where I entered the picture as the head of strategy for Sony BMG. As such, I was tasked to recommend possible solutions to the present problem. Such function will be performed in a way that I have to create proposal in accordance to what Knopper presented in his book â€Å"Appetite for Self-Destruction. † Cause and Effect To start with, it is logical for my recommendation to identify first what caused the downfall of the supposed success of the CD business prior to this year. After careful evaluation of the surrounding circumstances, it is now clear that the plunge of CD sales was brought about by the failures within the industry itself. This means that the major music labels created among themselves their respective downfall. This is primarily because if their adamant denial of the arrival of a new or fresh form of music business such as the one introduced and being enjoyed by Napster. This factor aggravates the obvious damaging decisions currently being done by the people behind these recording companies. Aside from the refuting the existence of the Digital Age, the leading music companies and the industry itself fail to see both the threat and benefits of technological advancement. In effect, these grounds are now being slapped on the faces of industry people and the music field in general. This can be done by immediately acknowledging the challenge being presented by Napster but most importantly, the advantages that it can definitely offer. Considering the current situation, it is now logical to accept and realize that Napster, with its introduction and control of the technology of online file-sharing, is presently revolutionizing the manner music was circulated years before 2000. There is now a need to correct the mistake of denying the existence and progress of Napster. Hence, it is now necessary to recognize the enormous potentialities that the Digital Age has to offer particularly the technology of online file-sharing. It must be realized by the industry and its people that there is now an imminent danger that the CD technology and other music means before year 2000 are likely to become totally obsolete. This kind of cause and effect analysis will somehow help in eventually accepting that any business, the music industry for that matter, is vulnerable to challenges. At the same time, it is valuable to always consider that the music industry is experiencing its low as far as the CD technology is concern but is definitely on its high level as regards the technology of file-sharing. It is through this approach that the industry specifically the recording companies will have an easier time at accepting and eventually supporting Napster’s contribution. Proposed Partnership and Merging Considering the above-cited principles and eventualities, I now therefore strongly recommend the practice of partnership and merging among recording companies. The underlying principle for this suggestion is primarily based with what Knopper discussed in his book. In the said material, the author emphasized and made the public realized the need and the benefits of resorting to having deals or agreements within the business and among music labels. As one of the leading recording organizations, it will be a rational undertaking for Sony BMG to form partnership or merge with another company. In fact, it is also highly recommendable for Sony BMG to become a business partner of Napster. This is because the said recommendation will not only pave the way for the company’s survival in the business but most importantly, Sony BMG will become part of the revolutionary effort to make the industry stable and competitive. As the one in-charge of the strategy of the corporation, it is now my recommendation for Sony BMG to aggressively push through with such plan of merging or partnering with other recording companies. If not with the rest of major music labels, it is suggested that it will be best for Sony BMG to enter into a business agreement or deal with Napster. In doing so, not only will Sony BMG will be assured of continued existence but the company is sure to carry-on with its mandate to support and contribute to the evolution of the music industry. How the recommendation works? In any recommendation, a clear and effective formulation and implementation are necessary. This is primarily how the proposal works and succeeds. Hence for Sony BMG, it is fist required that the purposes or objectives of the partnership are clearly identified. From there, I, as the head of the company’s strategy component, recommend that for year 2000, it is suggested that the aims of the proposed partnership between Sony BMG and Napster are limited into two. Thus, it is recommended that Sony BMG partners with Napster in order to save the company from eventual downfall while at the same time contribute with the effort to revolutionize the industry and the manner of serving the music public. After the creation of the objectives, it is now time to suggest on ways on how to carry-out such plans. The initial proposal to merge or form partnership is in itself an effective implementation of the objectives. This is because there is definitely a need to perform the proposed objectives and this can only be done by being involve and being part of the undertakings of Napster. In fact, such attempt will be positively welcomed as it is evident also with Napster that there is a requirement to enter into joint business among the major music label. The initiative on the part of Sony BMG will then be taken as a positive effort thereby is expected to similarly yield beneficial implications. In the implementation stage, it is my recommendation to Sony BMG to be open and flexible with many possibilities. As presented by Knopper in his book, even Napster itself manifests remarkable openness entering into further ventures with other fields that are also into the digital technology. As Knopper wrote, Napster did not hesitate to form partnership with other companies beyond the music industry such as its partnership with Nokia and other leading digital businesses (Knopper, 2009). With such flexibility, it is lastly recommended that the partnership be done in such a way that both companies, Sony BMG and Napster, will benefit and continue with its respective business interests. Hence, the proposed partnership will be implemented in accordance with important elements such as objectives, manner of implementation, expected outcomes, time table and most importantly, the required success of the two companies as well as the benefits and contributions of the recommended partnership to the entire music industry. Conclusion Business recommendation is directly aimed at working to the advantage of the system and its people. If we are to look at the situation of the music industry in year 2000, it is empirically essential to adhere to and uphold what Knopper presented in his book. That is, partnership among recording companies and revolutionary organization such as Napster is indeed beneficial for the entire field. With year 2000 as the period of discussion, it is practical to formulate and implement suggestions based on the requirements of the said phase of the recording business. Hence, with the downfall of the CD business and the dominance of the online file-sharing technology, it is logical for leading music labels such as Sony BMG to deal a business with Napster. As such, my suggested partnership between Sony BMG and Napster is objectively in accordance to the book’s principle that, in fact, there is nothing wrong with joining businesses but that such effort eventually resolve any existing problem such as the plunge of the CD sales. It is for this reasons that Knopper’s book and my recommendation ultimately serve their respective purpose and essence towards the benefit of the music industry in year 2000. References Business Week Online. (2000, August 14). Napster’s High and Low Notes. Business Week. Retrieved April 28, 2009, from http://www. businessweek. com/2000/00_33/b3694003. htm Knopper, S. (2009). Appetite for Self-Destruction: The Spectacular Crash of the Record Industry in the Digital Age. New York: Free Press. O’Hare, K. (2000). The Year in Music. Retrieved April 28, 2009, from http://www. infoplease. com/spot/00music1. html